Biography of Alfred Wegener, German Scientist

Alfred Wegener (November 1, 1880–November 1930) was a German meteorologist and geophysicist who developed the first theory of continental drift and formulated the idea that a supercontinent known as Pangaea existed on the Earth millions of years ago. His ideas were largely ignored at the time they were developed, but today they are widely accepted by the scientific community. As part of his research, Wegener also took part in several journeys to Greenland, where he studied the atmosphere and ice conditions. Fast Facts: Alfred Wegener Known For: Wegener was a German scientist who developed the idea of continental drift and Pangaea.Born: November 1, 1880 in Berlin, GermanyDied: November 1930 in Clarinetania,  GreenlandEducation: University of Berlin (Ph.D.)Published Works: Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere (1911), The Origin of Continents and Oceans (1922)Spouse: Else Koppen Wegener  (m. 1913-1930)Children: Hilde, Hanna, Sophie Early Life Alfred Lothar Wegener was born on November 1, 1880, in Berlin, Germany. During his childhood, Wegeners father ran an orphanage. Wegener took an interest in physical and earth sciences and studied these subjects at universities in both Germany and Austria. He graduated with a Ph.D. in astronomy from the University of Berlin in 1905. He briefly served as an assistant at the Urania Observatory in Berlin. While earning his Ph.D. in astronomy, Wegener also took an interest in meteorology and paleoclimatology (the study of changes in the Earths climate throughout its history). From 1906 to 1908 he went on an expedition to Greenland to study polar weather. In Greenland, Wegener established a research station where he could take meteorological measurements. This expedition was the first of four dangerous trips that Wegener would take to the icy island. The others occurred from 1912 to 1913 and in 1929 and 1930. Continental Drift Shortly after receiving his Ph.D., Wegener began teaching at the University of Marburg in Germany, and in 1910 he drafted his Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere, which would later become an important meteorological textbook. During his time at the university, Wegener developed an interest in the ancient history of the Earths continents and their placement. He had noticed, in 1910, that the eastern coast of South America and the northwestern coast of Africa looked as if they were once connected. In 1911, Wegener also came across several scientific documents stating there were identical fossils of plants and animals on each of these continents. He eventually articulated the idea that all of the Earths continents were at one time connected into one large supercontinent. In 1912, he presented the idea of continental displacement—which would later become known as continental drift—to explain how the continents moved toward and away from one another throughout the Earths histor y. In 1914, Wegener was drafted into the German Army during World War I. He was wounded twice and was eventually placed in the Armys weather forecasting service for the duration of the war. In 1915, Wegener published his most famous work, The Origin of Continents and Oceans, as an extension of his 1912 lecture. In that work, he presented extensive evidence to support his claim that all of the Earths continents were at one time connected. Despite the evidence, however, most of the scientific community ignored his ideas at the time. Later Life From 1924 to 1930, Wegener was a professor of meteorology and geophysics at the University of Graz in Austria. At a 1927 symposium, he introduced the idea of Pangaea, a Greek term meaning all lands, to describe the supercontinent that he believed existed on the Earth millions of years ago. Scientists now believe that such a continent did exist—it probably formed about 335 million years ago and began to split apart 175 million years ago. The strongest evidence of this is—as Wegener suspected—the distribution of similar fossils throughout continental borders that are now many miles apart. Death In 1930, Wegener took part in his last expedition to Greenland to set up a winter weather station that would monitor the jet stream in the upper atmosphere over the North Pole. Severe weather delayed the start of the trip and made it extremely difficult for Wegener and the 14 other explorers and scientists with him to reach the weather station. Eventually, 12 of these men would turn around and return to the groups base camp near the coast. Wegener and two others continued on, reaching the final destination of Eismitte (Mid-Ice, a site near the center of Greenland) five weeks after the start of the expedition. On the return trip to the base camp, Wegener became lost and is believed to have died sometime in November 1930 at the age of 50. Legacy For most of his life, Wegener remained dedicated to his theory of continental drift and Pangaea despite receiving harsh criticism from other scientists, many of whom believed the oceanic crust was too rigid to permit the movement of tectonic plates. By the time of his death in 1930, his ideas were almost entirely rejected by the scientific community. It was not until the 1960s that they gained credibility as scientists began studying seafloor spreading and plate tectonics. Wegeners ideas served as a framework for those studies, which produced evidence that supported his theories. The development of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in 1978 eliminated any residual doubt there may have been by providing direct evidence of continental movements. Today, Wegeners ideas are highly regarded by the scientific community as an early attempt at explaining why the Earths landscape is the way it is. His polar expeditions are also highly admired and today the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research is known for its high-quality research in the Arctic and the Antarctic. A crater on the Moon and a crater on Mars are both named in Wegeners honor. Sources Bressan, David. â€Å"May 12, 1931: Alfred Wegeners Last Journey.† Scientific American Blog Network, 12 May 2013.Oreskes, Naomi, and Homer E. LeGrand.  Plate Tectonics: An Insiders History of the Modern Theory of the Earth. Westview, 2003.Wegener, Alfred.  The Origin of Continents and Oceans. Dover Publications, 1992.Yount, Lisa.  Alfred Wegener: Creator of the Continental Drift Theory. Chelsea House Publishers, 2009.

Essay on The Complex Character of Amanda in The Glass...

The Complex Character of Amanda in The Glass Menagerie Amanda Wingfield in The Glass Menagerie furnishes an excellent example of a carefully crafted, complex character whose speech and action arise from the psychological being created by the playwright. In his character description, Tennessee Williams starts his reader on the road to discovering Amandas complexity. AMANDA WINGFIELD the mother. A little woman of great but confused vitality clinging frantically to another time and place. Her characterization must be carefully created, not copied from type. She is not paranoiac, but her life is paranoia. There is much to admire in Amanda, and as much to love and pity as there is to laugh at. Certainly she has endurance†¦show more content†¦Her actions often hide her intense love for her children, but it is an important driving force in her motivations. She loves them too well--at times to a point of smothering them (perhaps the reason for the departure of her husband)--which results in her attempt to push them towards all the good things she has known and remembered and away from anything that does not suit her ideal. As Amanda calls Tom to the table in Scene I and comments on manners and habits, we have our first glimpse of Amanda, the mother. She corrects actions much as mothers have done throughout time in accordance with her own sense of importance. Animals have sections in their stomachs which enable them to digest food without mastication, but human beings are supposed to chew their food before they swallow it down. Eat food leisurely, son, and really enjoy it. A well-cooked meal has lots of delicate flavors that have to be held in the mouth for appreciation. So chew your food and give your salivary glands a chance to function. (Williams 783 ll. 57-65) Thus, for Amanda, the variety of dishes to be savored during the elegant leisurely meals of her youth have become synonymous with the status of the leisurely life-style she so fondly remembers. Tom has no concept of dinner in the South so she adapts her correction to digestion hoping he will understand this more physical depiction as opposed to the one that is so vivid for her while lacking in reality for her children. For Amanda mealsShow MoreRelatedConflict Between Reality and Illusion as a Major Theme of ‘the Glass Menagerie’1718 Words   |  7 PagesConflict between reality and illusion as a major theme of ‘The Glass Menagerie’ Introduction The Glass Menagerie is a dramatic play about human nature and the conflict between illusion and reality. An illusion is pretense and not reality. In The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams has made use of both reality and illusion together using conflict between them. Illusion is a misinterpretation of the facts. 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Human Resource Management for B. R. Investments -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Management for B. R. Investments. Answer: Introduction The major task of the human resource manager is, in layman terms, to manage the various members of the workforce of the concerned company. B. R. Investments is one of the famous finance companies in the country and has been operating from 15 different branches in the country and employees almost 200 people in the home office of the concern. The following report aims to put forth an evaluation as to whether the performance appraisal of the company should be discontinued. The report also puts forth the ways in which the concerned human resource manager should have tackled the situation. The report tends to reach its end with certain recommendations pertaining to the changes that B. R. Investments needs to bring about in the employee performance appraisal system. Contradiction with the management on the discontinuation of performance appraisal The performance appraisal system of the company generally refers to the process in which the job performance of the concerned employee is documented and evaluated by the concerned management of the organization. This process of employee appraisal is highly rather solely dependent on the performance of concerned workforce of the company. The performance appraisal of the concerned employee might also be referred to as the performance evaluation, employee appraisal, development discussion or the performance review of the concerned employee (Bratton and Gold 2017). The performance appraisal of the employees tends to help the concerned members of the workforce by motivating them into giving their best while serving the company (Bernardin and Wiatrowski 2013). In the concerned case, the management of B. R. Investments had opined that it would have been better to put forth a discontinuation of the employee performance appraisal schemes that had been operational in the organization. However according to the experts in the field, the employee performance appraisal schemes should be present in each and every organization. This helps in motivating the various employees of the organization so as to help in the overall growth of the organization. The performance appraisal of the concerned employees might help in the improvement of the communication that takes place within the concerned organization. The appraisal process might help the concerned members of the workforce of the company to develop a better understanding of the job roles that have been assigned to them. The performance appraisal of the concerned employees also helps in providing a proper career path to the concerned employees of the organization. The performance appraisal might also help the concerned employees of the organization with the various decision-making abilities that they demonstrate. Role of the HR manager The role of the human resource manager in an organization is huge. The basic functionality of the human resource manager of an organization is to bring about a management of the various employees who have been serving the organization. The other most important function of the human resource personnel is to perform an overview of the functions of the various departments that are active within the organization. The human resource department of the organization tends to be responsible for the effective communication that exists among the various members of the workforce of the company (Dusterhoff, Cunningham and MacGregor 2014). The human resource management of the organization is often entrusted with the duties of carrying out the appraisal process that is conducted within the organization. The human resource personnel of the organization might be responsible for sharing the feedback on the performance of the employees (Salleh et al. 2013). In this case, the human resource department o f the company in discussion, B. R. Investments, is advised to hold a meeting with the concerned employees in order to have a proper idea of the grievances that the concerned employees might be facing while serving the organization. The concerned human resource department of the organization might be advised to deal with the various methods that need to be followed in order to solve the various problems that the employees have been facing (Aggarwal and Thakur 2013). The human resource department of the organization must also need to present to the concerned authorities the actual representation of the work that is done by the concerned employees so as to aid the process of the employee appraisal in the organization. Modifications in performance appraisal system The company in discussion, B. R. Investments, might be advised to abide by certain steps in order to bring about the needed modifications in the performance appraisal system that is followed by the concerned company. The company might be advised to implement the needed measures in the field of the employee management so as to bring about a change in the overall growth of the company (Barnes-Farrell 2013). The concerned management of the company might be advised to bring about an increase in the remuneration that it pays to the concerned employees of the concern. These financial rewards that are based on the performance of the employees tend to provide the employees of the concern with greater amounts of the motivation in the matters that might ultimately lead to the overall growth of the company (Cheng 2014). The employees might also be provided with certain targets and deadlines by the management of the organization. The management of the organization is advised to extend certain re wards and recognitions to the employees who might achieve the targets and the deadlines that have been set by the company (Fletcher and Williams 2013). This might help the concerned employees to get motivated towards serving the organization and thus help in bringing about an overall growth of the concerned organization in discussion, B. R. Investments. The concerned management of the concern is further advised to introduce some amusement programs for the concerned staff that might help them to get relieved of the stress that they might feel due to the workload that they might feel while completing the various tasks that are assigned to them. Conclusion Thus, from the above discussion it might be concluded that the company in discussion, B. R. Investments would face a positive growth if they choose to abide by the recommended courses of action that are discussed in the above report. The company in discussion might benefit from the implementation of the increased remuneration, the financial awards and the installation of the recreational facilities within the business organization in discussion, B. R. Investments. It might safely be concluded that the concerned management of the organization needs to implement the recommended steps in order to motivate the current employees of the organization thereby bringing about an overall growth in the concerned company. References Aggarwal, A. and Thakur, G.S.M., 2013. Techniques of performance appraisal-a review.International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT),2(3), pp.617-621. Barnes-Farrell, J.L., 2013. Performance appraisal: Person perception processes and challenges. InHow people evaluate others in organizations(pp. 161-180). Psychology Press. Bernardin, H.J. and Wiatrowski, M., 2013. Performance appraisal.Psychology and Policing,257. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2017.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave. Cheng, S.Y., 2014. The mediating role of organizational justice on the relationship between administrative performance appraisal practices and organizational commitment.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), pp.1131-1148. Dusterhoff, C., Cunningham, J.B. and MacGregor, J.N., 2014. The effects of performance rating, leadermember exchange, perceived utility, and organizational justice on performance appraisal satisfaction: Applying a moral judgment perspective.Journal of business ethics,119(2), pp.265-273. Fletcher, C. and Williams, R., 2013.Appraisal, feedback and development: Making performance review work. Routledge. Salleh, M., Amin, A., Muda, S. and Halim, M.A.S.A., 2013. Fairness of performance appraisal and organizational commitment.Asian Social Science,9(2), p.121.

Research Proposal on Mobile Phones Usage Essay Example

Research Proposal on Mobile Phones Usage Essay Research Paper on Cell Phones A mobile phone is considered to be one of the greatest and most important inventions of all times, because it enabled people communicate without wires and connected people from all continents into one global community. Mobile phones have changed the life of people considerably, because enable us to communicate any time and from any place we want. With the help of mobile phones such spheres as business, trade began to function more effectively and productively. The development mobile phones made the world busier, because the streets are full of people talking over the telephone and hurrying somewhere. With the growth of purposes where mobile phones are used for, the technology and abilities of the devices have improved too. Modern cell phones possess the functions of powerful computers and with the run of time their abilities will become even higher. Mobile phones have a range of advantages and disadvantages. They are useful, when we have to deliver urgent important information to somebody; it is useful for parents to control their children. On the other hand, mobile phones have turned into toys and people mostly play than communicate, or communicate without important purpose. Mobile phones have become the part of our life and we can not imagine our lives without them. No wonder, students who are studying at colleges and universities are offered to write research papers on the topic. A good research proposal should be informative and present brief analysis of the problem. For example, the problem of cell phones at school is very stressing and one should present its cause and effect. Children and teenagers pay more attention to their phones but not to studying and it is the main problem. The paper should present effective solutions of the problem, methods, which can help people use cell phones only when it is necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Mobile Phones Usage specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Mobile Phones Usage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Mobile Phones Usage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When students have smart ideas concerning the topic, they are welcome to present a research proposal on mobile phones should be banned in school. Paper writing is a big problem for students, because they often do not know how to organize the proposal and how to make it convincing to persuade the professor in the importance of the topic. In order to be able to prepare a good paper one needs to read free research proposals on mobile phones and teenagers in the Internet. Having read at least several samples one will manage to understand how a successful paper looks like. A good free sample research proposal on mobile phones and children will be a perfect model for proper original paper writing, so this help will be useful for every young professional.