Biography of Alfred Wegener, German Scientist

Alfred Wegener (November 1, 1880–November 1930) was a German meteorologist and geophysicist who developed the first theory of continental drift and formulated the idea that a supercontinent known as Pangaea existed on the Earth millions of years ago. His ideas were largely ignored at the time they were developed, but today they are widely accepted by the scientific community. As part of his research, Wegener also took part in several journeys to Greenland, where he studied the atmosphere and ice conditions. Fast Facts: Alfred Wegener Known For: Wegener was a German scientist who developed the idea of continental drift and Pangaea.Born: November 1, 1880 in Berlin, GermanyDied: November 1930 in Clarinetania,  GreenlandEducation: University of Berlin (Ph.D.)Published Works: Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere (1911), The Origin of Continents and Oceans (1922)Spouse: Else Koppen Wegener  (m. 1913-1930)Children: Hilde, Hanna, Sophie Early Life Alfred Lothar Wegener was born on November 1, 1880, in Berlin, Germany. During his childhood, Wegeners father ran an orphanage. Wegener took an interest in physical and earth sciences and studied these subjects at universities in both Germany and Austria. He graduated with a Ph.D. in astronomy from the University of Berlin in 1905. He briefly served as an assistant at the Urania Observatory in Berlin. While earning his Ph.D. in astronomy, Wegener also took an interest in meteorology and paleoclimatology (the study of changes in the Earths climate throughout its history). From 1906 to 1908 he went on an expedition to Greenland to study polar weather. In Greenland, Wegener established a research station where he could take meteorological measurements. This expedition was the first of four dangerous trips that Wegener would take to the icy island. The others occurred from 1912 to 1913 and in 1929 and 1930. Continental Drift Shortly after receiving his Ph.D., Wegener began teaching at the University of Marburg in Germany, and in 1910 he drafted his Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere, which would later become an important meteorological textbook. During his time at the university, Wegener developed an interest in the ancient history of the Earths continents and their placement. He had noticed, in 1910, that the eastern coast of South America and the northwestern coast of Africa looked as if they were once connected. In 1911, Wegener also came across several scientific documents stating there were identical fossils of plants and animals on each of these continents. He eventually articulated the idea that all of the Earths continents were at one time connected into one large supercontinent. In 1912, he presented the idea of continental displacement—which would later become known as continental drift—to explain how the continents moved toward and away from one another throughout the Earths histor y. In 1914, Wegener was drafted into the German Army during World War I. He was wounded twice and was eventually placed in the Armys weather forecasting service for the duration of the war. In 1915, Wegener published his most famous work, The Origin of Continents and Oceans, as an extension of his 1912 lecture. In that work, he presented extensive evidence to support his claim that all of the Earths continents were at one time connected. Despite the evidence, however, most of the scientific community ignored his ideas at the time. Later Life From 1924 to 1930, Wegener was a professor of meteorology and geophysics at the University of Graz in Austria. At a 1927 symposium, he introduced the idea of Pangaea, a Greek term meaning all lands, to describe the supercontinent that he believed existed on the Earth millions of years ago. Scientists now believe that such a continent did exist—it probably formed about 335 million years ago and began to split apart 175 million years ago. The strongest evidence of this is—as Wegener suspected—the distribution of similar fossils throughout continental borders that are now many miles apart. Death In 1930, Wegener took part in his last expedition to Greenland to set up a winter weather station that would monitor the jet stream in the upper atmosphere over the North Pole. Severe weather delayed the start of the trip and made it extremely difficult for Wegener and the 14 other explorers and scientists with him to reach the weather station. Eventually, 12 of these men would turn around and return to the groups base camp near the coast. Wegener and two others continued on, reaching the final destination of Eismitte (Mid-Ice, a site near the center of Greenland) five weeks after the start of the expedition. On the return trip to the base camp, Wegener became lost and is believed to have died sometime in November 1930 at the age of 50. Legacy For most of his life, Wegener remained dedicated to his theory of continental drift and Pangaea despite receiving harsh criticism from other scientists, many of whom believed the oceanic crust was too rigid to permit the movement of tectonic plates. By the time of his death in 1930, his ideas were almost entirely rejected by the scientific community. It was not until the 1960s that they gained credibility as scientists began studying seafloor spreading and plate tectonics. Wegeners ideas served as a framework for those studies, which produced evidence that supported his theories. The development of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in 1978 eliminated any residual doubt there may have been by providing direct evidence of continental movements. Today, Wegeners ideas are highly regarded by the scientific community as an early attempt at explaining why the Earths landscape is the way it is. His polar expeditions are also highly admired and today the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research is known for its high-quality research in the Arctic and the Antarctic. A crater on the Moon and a crater on Mars are both named in Wegeners honor. Sources Bressan, David. â€Å"May 12, 1931: Alfred Wegeners Last Journey.† Scientific American Blog Network, 12 May 2013.Oreskes, Naomi, and Homer E. LeGrand.  Plate Tectonics: An Insiders History of the Modern Theory of the Earth. Westview, 2003.Wegener, Alfred.  The Origin of Continents and Oceans. Dover Publications, 1992.Yount, Lisa.  Alfred Wegener: Creator of the Continental Drift Theory. Chelsea House Publishers, 2009.

Essay on The Complex Character of Amanda in The Glass...

The Complex Character of Amanda in The Glass Menagerie Amanda Wingfield in The Glass Menagerie furnishes an excellent example of a carefully crafted, complex character whose speech and action arise from the psychological being created by the playwright. In his character description, Tennessee Williams starts his reader on the road to discovering Amandas complexity. AMANDA WINGFIELD the mother. A little woman of great but confused vitality clinging frantically to another time and place. Her characterization must be carefully created, not copied from type. She is not paranoiac, but her life is paranoia. There is much to admire in Amanda, and as much to love and pity as there is to laugh at. Certainly she has endurance†¦show more content†¦Her actions often hide her intense love for her children, but it is an important driving force in her motivations. She loves them too well--at times to a point of smothering them (perhaps the reason for the departure of her husband)--which results in her attempt to push them towards all the good things she has known and remembered and away from anything that does not suit her ideal. As Amanda calls Tom to the table in Scene I and comments on manners and habits, we have our first glimpse of Amanda, the mother. She corrects actions much as mothers have done throughout time in accordance with her own sense of importance. Animals have sections in their stomachs which enable them to digest food without mastication, but human beings are supposed to chew their food before they swallow it down. Eat food leisurely, son, and really enjoy it. A well-cooked meal has lots of delicate flavors that have to be held in the mouth for appreciation. So chew your food and give your salivary glands a chance to function. (Williams 783 ll. 57-65) Thus, for Amanda, the variety of dishes to be savored during the elegant leisurely meals of her youth have become synonymous with the status of the leisurely life-style she so fondly remembers. Tom has no concept of dinner in the South so she adapts her correction to digestion hoping he will understand this more physical depiction as opposed to the one that is so vivid for her while lacking in reality for her children. For Amanda mealsShow MoreRelatedConflict Between Reality and Illusion as a Major Theme of ‘the Glass Menagerie’1718 Words   |  7 PagesConflict between reality and illusion as a major theme of ‘The Glass Menagerie’ Introduction The Glass Menagerie is a dramatic play about human nature and the conflict between illusion and reality. An illusion is pretense and not reality. In The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams has made use of both reality and illusion together using conflict between them. Illusion is a misinterpretation of the facts. It is an opinion based on what we think is true rather than on what is actually true. In thisRead MoreLiterary Analysis of The Glass Menagerie by Tenessee Williams1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams had ordinary people in an ordinary life that closely resembled the influences of Williams’ personal life while having reoccurring themes and motifs throughout the story. The play has been done by many with some variations in the scripts and setting while still clinging to the basic ideas of the original play. Amanda Wingfield was a complex character that encompassed many facets of her personality. She longed to have the life she had as a girl and youngRead MoreRole of the Characters in The Glass Menagerie Essay653 Words   |  3 Pagesof the Characters in The Glass Menagerie All of the characters in The Glass Menagerie have specific symbols in the play representing themselves. Some of the symbols for Tom are the Merchant Marine and the magician’s nailed coffin, while Amanda’s are the yellow dress and her membership to the Daughters of the American Revolution and some of Laura’s are the unicorn and blue roses. Tennessee Williams play has a simple face but the meanings behind the countless and increasingly complex symbolsRead MoreGlass Menagerie Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesGlass Menagerie Written Responses Topic: Discuss how a theme is developed in the play through two characters. Provide 3 pieces of evidence to support the theme as it applies to each character. â€Å" The Glass Menagerie †, a memory play by Tennessee Williams, not only depicts the depressing andRead MoreMotherhood in The Glass Menagerie and A Raisin in the Sun Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesMotherhood in The Glass Menagerie and A Raisin in the Sun I have read the two plays, The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams and A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, both of have a big impact on me. The two plays circle around the family values that convey the character of motherhood where mothers have to have a responsibility to raise, to provide their best and to sacrifice for their children. In these two plays, even expressing differently, mothers all show love to their children;Read MoreFacing Reality in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams was a confusing, astounding, and wonderful play that takes an in depth look at the complex relationships that develop between members of a family and then presents them for the audiences dissection. How did the characters in the play interact? What were the independent and dependent relationships between the characters? Perhaps most important, how did they cope with one another? That seemed to be the key questio n when looking at The Glass Menagerie. EachRead MoreLiterary Appreciation Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesthe major character must face with and hopefully defeat. What behind conflict is want. The author always creates situations where the characters crave something. Laura in The Glass Menagerie is the tragic heroine and so does the woman called Emily in the story of A Rose For Emily. Both of them have external conflicts with their parents, in other words, they are forced to submit to their parents. The difference here is that the conflict between Laura and her mother Amanda is that Amanda wants herRead More Essay on Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie1171 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in The Glass Menagerie Symbolism plays an integral part in Williams’s play, The Glass Menagerie. Examples of the use of symbolism include the fire escape, as an escape from the family, the phonograph, as an escape from reality, the unicorn, as a symbol for Lauras uniqueness and the father’s photograph, representing something different to each character. Through regonition of these symbols, a greater understanding of the play’s theme is achieved. Throughout the play, Tom WingfieldRead MoreTennessee Williams’S, The Glass Menagerie, Is One Of The1283 Words   |  6 PagesTennessee Williams’s, The Glass Menagerie, is one of the most popular plays of all times and the play that started his success as a playwright. This play explores a dysfunctional family who has been abandoned by the husband/father and struggles to progress in an economically stressed time. The play showcases three extremely complex characters who each have personal struggles in their own lives which furthermore create tensions between each other as a family unit. As a true lover of this play, I hadRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie Individualism Analysis1302 Words   |  6 Pages Individualism is a staple piece of a person’s character not only in a book, but in life as well. Some people pride themselves on their individuality, while others spend their lives working to establish a concrete personality and purpose in life. In The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, individualism is a key component in the themes of the story and portrayal of unique characters. With there being only four characters in the play, each of them have to be vibrant, diverse individuals in order

Human Resource Management for B. R. Investments -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Management for B. R. Investments. Answer: Introduction The major task of the human resource manager is, in layman terms, to manage the various members of the workforce of the concerned company. B. R. Investments is one of the famous finance companies in the country and has been operating from 15 different branches in the country and employees almost 200 people in the home office of the concern. The following report aims to put forth an evaluation as to whether the performance appraisal of the company should be discontinued. The report also puts forth the ways in which the concerned human resource manager should have tackled the situation. The report tends to reach its end with certain recommendations pertaining to the changes that B. R. Investments needs to bring about in the employee performance appraisal system. Contradiction with the management on the discontinuation of performance appraisal The performance appraisal system of the company generally refers to the process in which the job performance of the concerned employee is documented and evaluated by the concerned management of the organization. This process of employee appraisal is highly rather solely dependent on the performance of concerned workforce of the company. The performance appraisal of the concerned employee might also be referred to as the performance evaluation, employee appraisal, development discussion or the performance review of the concerned employee (Bratton and Gold 2017). The performance appraisal of the employees tends to help the concerned members of the workforce by motivating them into giving their best while serving the company (Bernardin and Wiatrowski 2013). In the concerned case, the management of B. R. Investments had opined that it would have been better to put forth a discontinuation of the employee performance appraisal schemes that had been operational in the organization. However according to the experts in the field, the employee performance appraisal schemes should be present in each and every organization. This helps in motivating the various employees of the organization so as to help in the overall growth of the organization. The performance appraisal of the concerned employees might help in the improvement of the communication that takes place within the concerned organization. The appraisal process might help the concerned members of the workforce of the company to develop a better understanding of the job roles that have been assigned to them. The performance appraisal of the concerned employees also helps in providing a proper career path to the concerned employees of the organization. The performance appraisal might also help the concerned employees of the organization with the various decision-making abilities that they demonstrate. Role of the HR manager The role of the human resource manager in an organization is huge. The basic functionality of the human resource manager of an organization is to bring about a management of the various employees who have been serving the organization. The other most important function of the human resource personnel is to perform an overview of the functions of the various departments that are active within the organization. The human resource department of the organization tends to be responsible for the effective communication that exists among the various members of the workforce of the company (Dusterhoff, Cunningham and MacGregor 2014). The human resource management of the organization is often entrusted with the duties of carrying out the appraisal process that is conducted within the organization. The human resource personnel of the organization might be responsible for sharing the feedback on the performance of the employees (Salleh et al. 2013). In this case, the human resource department o f the company in discussion, B. R. Investments, is advised to hold a meeting with the concerned employees in order to have a proper idea of the grievances that the concerned employees might be facing while serving the organization. The concerned human resource department of the organization might be advised to deal with the various methods that need to be followed in order to solve the various problems that the employees have been facing (Aggarwal and Thakur 2013). The human resource department of the organization must also need to present to the concerned authorities the actual representation of the work that is done by the concerned employees so as to aid the process of the employee appraisal in the organization. Modifications in performance appraisal system The company in discussion, B. R. Investments, might be advised to abide by certain steps in order to bring about the needed modifications in the performance appraisal system that is followed by the concerned company. The company might be advised to implement the needed measures in the field of the employee management so as to bring about a change in the overall growth of the company (Barnes-Farrell 2013). The concerned management of the company might be advised to bring about an increase in the remuneration that it pays to the concerned employees of the concern. These financial rewards that are based on the performance of the employees tend to provide the employees of the concern with greater amounts of the motivation in the matters that might ultimately lead to the overall growth of the company (Cheng 2014). The employees might also be provided with certain targets and deadlines by the management of the organization. The management of the organization is advised to extend certain re wards and recognitions to the employees who might achieve the targets and the deadlines that have been set by the company (Fletcher and Williams 2013). This might help the concerned employees to get motivated towards serving the organization and thus help in bringing about an overall growth of the concerned organization in discussion, B. R. Investments. The concerned management of the concern is further advised to introduce some amusement programs for the concerned staff that might help them to get relieved of the stress that they might feel due to the workload that they might feel while completing the various tasks that are assigned to them. Conclusion Thus, from the above discussion it might be concluded that the company in discussion, B. R. Investments would face a positive growth if they choose to abide by the recommended courses of action that are discussed in the above report. The company in discussion might benefit from the implementation of the increased remuneration, the financial awards and the installation of the recreational facilities within the business organization in discussion, B. R. Investments. It might safely be concluded that the concerned management of the organization needs to implement the recommended steps in order to motivate the current employees of the organization thereby bringing about an overall growth in the concerned company. References Aggarwal, A. and Thakur, G.S.M., 2013. Techniques of performance appraisal-a review.International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT),2(3), pp.617-621. Barnes-Farrell, J.L., 2013. Performance appraisal: Person perception processes and challenges. InHow people evaluate others in organizations(pp. 161-180). Psychology Press. Bernardin, H.J. and Wiatrowski, M., 2013. Performance appraisal.Psychology and Policing,257. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2017.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave. Cheng, S.Y., 2014. The mediating role of organizational justice on the relationship between administrative performance appraisal practices and organizational commitment.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), pp.1131-1148. Dusterhoff, C., Cunningham, J.B. and MacGregor, J.N., 2014. The effects of performance rating, leadermember exchange, perceived utility, and organizational justice on performance appraisal satisfaction: Applying a moral judgment perspective.Journal of business ethics,119(2), pp.265-273. Fletcher, C. and Williams, R., 2013.Appraisal, feedback and development: Making performance review work. Routledge. Salleh, M., Amin, A., Muda, S. and Halim, M.A.S.A., 2013. Fairness of performance appraisal and organizational commitment.Asian Social Science,9(2), p.121.

Research Proposal on Mobile Phones Usage Essay Example

Research Proposal on Mobile Phones Usage Essay Research Paper on Cell Phones A mobile phone is considered to be one of the greatest and most important inventions of all times, because it enabled people communicate without wires and connected people from all continents into one global community. Mobile phones have changed the life of people considerably, because enable us to communicate any time and from any place we want. With the help of mobile phones such spheres as business, trade began to function more effectively and productively. The development mobile phones made the world busier, because the streets are full of people talking over the telephone and hurrying somewhere. With the growth of purposes where mobile phones are used for, the technology and abilities of the devices have improved too. Modern cell phones possess the functions of powerful computers and with the run of time their abilities will become even higher. Mobile phones have a range of advantages and disadvantages. They are useful, when we have to deliver urgent important information to somebody; it is useful for parents to control their children. On the other hand, mobile phones have turned into toys and people mostly play than communicate, or communicate without important purpose. Mobile phones have become the part of our life and we can not imagine our lives without them. No wonder, students who are studying at colleges and universities are offered to write research papers on the topic. A good research proposal should be informative and present brief analysis of the problem. For example, the problem of cell phones at school is very stressing and one should present its cause and effect. Children and teenagers pay more attention to their phones but not to studying and it is the main problem. The paper should present effective solutions of the problem, methods, which can help people use cell phones only when it is necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Mobile Phones Usage specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Mobile Phones Usage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Mobile Phones Usage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When students have smart ideas concerning the topic, they are welcome to present a research proposal on mobile phones should be banned in school. Paper writing is a big problem for students, because they often do not know how to organize the proposal and how to make it convincing to persuade the professor in the importance of the topic. In order to be able to prepare a good paper one needs to read free research proposals on mobile phones and teenagers in the Internet. Having read at least several samples one will manage to understand how a successful paper looks like. A good free sample research proposal on mobile phones and children will be a perfect model for proper original paper writing, so this help will be useful for every young professional.

The Course Of The Great Depression Essay Example For Students

The Course Of The Great Depression Essay The Asia turmoil begun in the middle of summer of 1997. The problem started in Thailand when Bath(known as Thaiscurencey) was geting weaker and weaker against US dollars. At that point, the rest of the world started to see that Thaiseconomy was starting to fall apart. Some pople predicted that the problem would not stay longer than a few months. However,it was wrong. As manner of fact, the problem spread amongs some of Asian Countries. Even the mighty Japan was effected bythis problem. United stated of America was also effected by this problem. That was a time that the US stock market was goingdown due to the fact that Many American cooporation invested in this some of Aisan countries. We will write a custom essay on The Course Of The Great Depression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Even today, the problem has not been fully recovered and who knows when. CauseThe main problem of the turmoil is the lack of management. Each countries has all similar problem. As we found out in ourresearch, we noticed that banking holds the main role and the key player to the turmoil. Many privates and Governmentbanking loaned too many credit for a big and similar project at the same time without checking the creditors solvency. Ofcourse among the creditor also, the money supposedly . And this is, of course, the second problem of the cause of the turmoil. Third, many creditors believe that their project will become successful without a proper preparation and planing. SolutionMalaysias National Economic Recovery Plan Causes of the Turmoil in the RegionIn todays world, large sums of money move across borders and provide more countries with access to international finance. The daily currency turnover in the foreign exchange market in 1995 is about US$1.2 trillion, compared with an average ofUS$190 billion a decade ago. The early 1990s saw the dramatic increase in the flows of private capital from the industrialcountries to the emerging countries. This was partly contributed by pension funds from the United States and Europe in searchfor higher returns overseas. The amount of private capital flowing into emerging markets was US$50 billion in 1990; the figurewas US$336 billion in 1996. With greater international capital flows, financial markets become more volatile as money movesacross borders with a mere keystroke of a computer. The unusual successful economic performance in the region attractedlarge inflows of foreign portfolio funds into the Asia Pacific region, which became a root cause for the currency crisis. Duringthe early to mid-1990s, China recorded growth rates between 9-14 per cent per annum, while Indonesia, Malaysia, andThailand experienced high annual growth rates that ranged between 7-12 per cent. Rapid growth rates were also recorded inSingapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. While there were sizeable current account deficits for some countries, especially for Malaysia and Thailand, these were theoutcome of the shortfalls of private savings to match private investment, not public sector dissaving. Foreign capital inflowsmade up for the shortfall in national savings to meet the very high national investment. While the net private inflows for Chinaand Vietnam were foreign, direct investment (FDI) dominated, short-term inflows were substantial for Indonesia, South Korea,Malaysia, and the Philippines. Thailand had a high level of short-term inflows of around 7-10 per cent of GDP. During1995-96, Malaysias short-term capital was 4-4.5 per cent of GDP, while its FDI was at 5 per cent of GDP. The decline in asset yields in the industrial economies prompted fund managers to invest into the Asian emerging assets, whichgave higher returns. The ASEAN countries suffered losses in competitiveness when the U.S. dollar, against which theircurrencies were closely linked, appreciated against the yen beginning in mid-1995. The rapid economic growth of theSoutheast Asian economies was accompanied by rapid credit growth to the private sector and asset price inflation, including inreal estate markets and in equity markets, rising the concern that their exchange rates were not sustainable. Weakness in the financial sector compounded the problem. The financial institutions in Thailand, Indonesia, and South Koreawere weakened by large-scale exposure to the property sector, high non-performing loans, and short-term loans that wereunhedged against currency movements. Inadequate disclosure of information and data deficiencies increased uncertainty andadversely affected confidence. There was also the lack of transparency in policy implementation. A brief explanation about IMFIMF is not a charitable institution, nor does it carry out its operations at taxpayers expense. It operates much like a creditunion. On joining the IMF, each member country subscribes a sum of money called its quota. Members normally pay 25percent of their quota subscriptions out of their foreign reserves, the rest in their national currencies. The quota is like a depositin the credit union, and the country continues to own it. The size of the quota determines the countrys voting rights, and theUnited States, with over 18 percent of the share, is the largest shareholder. Many essential issues require an 85 percentmajority, so that the United States effectively has a veto over major Fund decisions. When a member borrows from the Fund,it exchanges a certain amount of its own national currency for the use of an equivalent amount of currency of a country in astrong external position. The borrowing country pays interest at a floating market rate on the amount it has borrowed, while thecountry whose currency is being used receives interest. Since the interest received from the IMF is broadly in line with marketrates, the provision of financial resources to the Fund has involved little cost, to the creditor countries, including the UnitedStates. MF- Supported Programs in AsiaIMF-supported program to countries like Thailand, Indonesia and Korea have called for a substantial rise in interest rates toattempt to halt the downward spiral of currency depreciation. Over US$100 billion has been committed to the region under theIMF auspices since the crisis began. Conditions attached to the loans parallel those of the Latin America crisis of the 1980s. These programs have called for forceful, up-front action to put the financial system on a sounder footing as soon as possible. The fiscal programs vary from country to country. In each case, the IMF asked for a fiscal adjustment that would cover thecarrying costs of financial sector restructuringthe full cost of which is being spread over many yearsand to help restore asustainable balance of payments. In Thailand, this translated into an initial fiscal adjustment of 3 percent of GDP; in Korea, 11/2 percent of GDP; and in Indonesia, 1 percent of GDP, much of which will be achieved by reducing public investment inproject with low economic returns. .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e , .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .postImageUrl , .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e , .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e:hover , .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e:visited , .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e:active { border:0!important; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e:active , .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An inquiry into ophelias madne EssayWorld Banks Agenda to Restructuring the East Asian EconomyThese are long-term issues and fixing the problems in these respective areas will take many years. Restructuring the industrialsector, changing the governance of the banking and the corporate sector and the relationship to the States, and adjusting theglobalization process to the level and capacities of the economy is not something than can done easily. Since the beginning of this crisis, about $110 billion have fled out the five major crisis countries Korea, Thailand, Indonesia,Malaysia, Philippines. This is about 10 per cent of the GDP of these countries. In addition to that, credits banking credits havealso been reduced by about $88 billion which is approximately another 8 per cent of the GDP. It means that about worth 18per cent of the GDP of these countries has just vanished in terms of funding of the economies. This withdrawal of funds has hadthe tremendous impact on the stock market and the exchange rate. Automatic corrections should come from the depreciationof the exchange rates and from the booming of exports. Japan is in recession and is extremely sensitive to the region. The totalamount of credits that the Japanese bank banking sector has allocated or distributed to the region is worth about 40 per cent ofits total, still in these five countries it is worth about 40 per cent of its capital. Given the vulnerability of t he economies it is amajor additional problem for the Japanese financial sector. Japan is exporting about 20 per cent is making about 20 per centof its exports in these countries, and the collapse of the economies there is impacting its performance. These countries aremaking between 15 and 25 per cent of their trade with Japan, and the recession in Japan is a major blow for all of them and isa major reason for this low demand that they are met with. In order to get out of the crisis, World Bank addressed the issue of clarifying the environment. One has to have a dynamicJapanese economy since Japan is an engine of growth in the region. The potential of the exports in Europe and in the US,provided these economies remain in an acceptable shape, or dynamic as is the case in the US, the potential for export cannotcompensate in the short run for the decline in the markets in the regional and Japanese markets. Another issue is within theregion itself within the countries. However, the ques tion is how to move an entire region up at the same time, given the fact thatthere is no possibility of success for an isolated country in such a depressing regional environment. There is no alternative tomore expansionary micro policies right now. Inflating the domestic demand is the only way in which we can break the viciouscircle of transmission of contagion from one country to the other. Another important thing is that there is room for major social programs in the region. These countries will not get through thecrisis without a very strong, very dynamic, very well thought social agenda. These agenda may be worth two, three, or fourpoints of GDP worth of public money. This is money, which is well invested and will pay off over the years especially as thesecountries have not right now social safety net they have developed. There is also a third use of the money, which is therecapitalization of the banking sector. Recapitalization by public funds of the banking sector makes sense only if in order tohave successful privatization process when the situation of the economy improves. IMF Bailout Rescuing the RichOxfam International Briefing, April 1998Oxfam International is concerned that IMF programs have been designed primarily with a view to bailing out recklessinternational investors, whose activities have contributed to the present crisis. The implication of the poor has been leftunconsidered. There is clear evidence of increasing poverty and hardship among the vulnerable communities, which Oxfamworks. There is now a real danger that a combination of deflationary policies and cuts in social sector funding will erode thesignificant advances made in poverty reduction over recent decades. In Indonesia, Oxfam estimates that the number of people living below the poverty line could quadruple over the next 6 monthsto affect 40 per cent of the population- the same incidence as in 1977. The number of people living in poverty will rise from 23million to 100 million this year, with devastating implications for human welfare and social stability. Long-standing developmentproblems in Indonesia such as high maternal mortality rate, lack of access to safe water for 80 million people, wideningdisparities in income- are bound to worsen. Recent field visits from Oxfam staff already point to distressing expansion ofpoverty in Indonesia, because of economic crisis and a prolonged draught. There are huge number of people out of work, asharp rise in the price of essential food and non-food items, the breakdown of the distribution of basic goods and services andthe increasing violations of human rights. In West Timor, 75 per cent of families are eating one meal a day that often includesA putak, @ the bark of a tree normally used as cattle feed. Million of Indonesian households can no longer afford basic care, tosend their children to school, or to buy enough food. Many are meeting immediate needs by selling assets, thus risking plungingfurther into poverty as the crisis continues. In Thailand, a recent World Bank report highlights the impact on the poor increased unemployment; price rises in basicfoodstuffs and cuts in basic services. In particular, the report emphasizes the impact of the crises on children. As family incomesfall, growing numbers have been forced to work, beg or enter prostitution. School drop out rates has risen and some familiescan no longer affords education or transport. In Thailand, unemployment is expected to rise to 1.7 million in the coming year. IMF insufficient attention has been paid to the specific circumstance of East Asia. Conditions attached to the loans parallelthose of the Latin America crises of the 1980s, demands massive deflation, with cuts in public spending and high interest ratesas the main policy instruments. The bias towards deflation and fiscal austerity is not only inappropriate, given the underlyingeconomic conditions, but threatens to turn recession into a full blown depression, with its attendant problems in terms of massunemployment and rising poverty. Monetary and fiscal policy has been tightened to the point of strangulation, threatening to killor disable the patient during the first phase of treatment. For instance in South Korea, the IMF wants to see interest ratesdoubled to more than 15 per cent. This will inevitable lead to the early collapse of many companies, resulting in a loss ofproduction and employment opportunities. Intense fiscal pressure are also being applied to Thailand, where public spending isto be reduced by the equivalent of 3 per cent of GDP. In Indonesia, public spending is scheduled to fall by around 10 per cent. .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 , .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .postImageUrl , .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 , .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0:hover , .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0:visited , .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0:active { border:0!important; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0:active , .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Travel Essay - Trip to the BahamasAccording to Indonesian Government sources, as many as 1.6 million primary and junior secondary school students may beforced to withdraw from school. In real terms, government budgets for health and education have fallen dramatically. Reduction in public spending could act as a further driving force for poverty, reducing basic services to the poor at preciselythe time when the need for them is increasing. The immediate consequences will be registered in the form of reducedopportunities for education and health. In the longer term, public spending cuts could sever the link, which has been establishbetween growth and equity, to the detriment of both. For instance, Thailands economic problems are related to a deepeningskill shortage in sectors vital for the transition to a more diverse and technologically sophisticated economy. Deterioratingeducational performance will undermine prospects for such a transition. ConclusionBased on the analysis given by various sources that we gathered, we conclude that the root cause of the currency crisis inSouth East Asia is due to large inflows in the form of credits and portfolio investment as well as capital through multinationalcorporations, largely came from investors in the Un ited States and Western Europe. The unusual successful economicperformance in the region attracted these inflows into the region. Most of our sources stated that, while these inflows hadpermitted faster growth, they had allowed domestic banks to expand lending rapidly, fueling imprudent investments andunrealistic increases in asset prices. According to Jeff Sachs, the Director of the Harvard Institute for InternationalDevelopment, Thailand, in 1997, overvaluation of the real exchange rate, coupled with booming bank lending, heavily directedat real estate. The overvaluation tended to push new investment towards non-tradable sectors-notably construction awayfrom the tradable sectors that are necessary to provide the wherewithal for future servicing of foreign debts. Several sourcesmentioned that most economies pegged their currencies to the dollar in recent years, even though their trade with theadvance countries was roughly equally divided between the US, Europe and Japan. When the dollar appreciated sharplyagainst the yen and the European currencies after 1995, emerging-markets currencies were pulledalong in its wake made their exports less competitive. Another source, IMF, stated that the key domestic factors that led to theeconomic crisis appeared to have been: First, the failure to dampen overheating pressurethat had become increasingly evident in Thailand and many other countries in the region and were manifested in large externaldeficits and property and stock market bubbles; second, the maintenance of pegged exchange rate regimes for too long, whichencourage external borrowing and led to excessive exposure to foreign risk in both the financial and corporatesectors; and third, according to them, lax prudential rules and financial oversight, which led to a sharp deterioration in thequality of banks loan portfolios. IMF further stated that political uncertainties and doubt about the authorities commitment and ability to implement thenecessary adjustment an d reforms exacerbated pressures on currencies and stock markets. They also blamed the emergingcountries reluctance to tighten monetary conditions and to close insolvent financial institutions as an addition to the turbulence inthe financial markets. Countries like Thailand and Indonesia turned to IMF, the World Bank and other countries for financialassistance but insufficient attention, especially by IMF hasbeen paid to the specific circumstances of East Asia. Their programs have been designed primarily with a view to bailing outreckless international investors and implication of the poor has been left unconsidered. The bias towards deflation and fiscalausterity is not only inappropriate, but also threatens to turn recession into full-blown depression. IMF appliedintense fiscal pressure to those countries such as Thailand and Indonesia where public spending was to be reduced by theequivalent 3 per cent of GDP and 10 per cent of GDP consecutively. Reduction in public spending,for exa mple, was in the form of reduced opportunities for education and health. In Indonesia, for example, according toIndonesia Government source, as many as 1.6 million primary and junior secondary school students may be forced towithdraw from school. George Soros, in his testimony to the U.S. House of Representatives on September 15, 1998, IMF imposed tough conditionson the country concerned but did not imposed tough penalties on the lenders and the treatment on on lenders and borrowersneeded to to be corrected. Chairman Alan Greenspan, in his testimonies before the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, U.S. House ofRepresentatives on November 13, 1997, stated that the recent crises would arguably have been better contained iflong-maturities properties loans had not accentuated the usual mismatch between maturities of assets and liabilities of domesticfinancial systems that were far from robust to begin with. Greenspan advised economic policy makers in Asia to fend offdomestic pr esures that seek disengagement from the world trading and financial system.

Free Essays on Critical Review

Critical review of an article from The Guardian 18th December 2003 The article I’m reviewing comes from The Guardian 18th December 2003. Headed â€Å"Chirac calls on MP’s to ban headscarves†. A journalist called Paul Webster wrote this article. Briefly this piece is explaining the situation in France regarding President Chirac wanting to ban headscarves and other â€Å"conspicuous† religious signs from state schools. The tone of the article appears to be factual. It does, however seem to be a biased article in favour of the ban. There isn’t much criticism of the President and his decision for legislation regarding this. The French Council of the Muslim Faith is said to have called this a â€Å"disastrous† decision. Although the article says that the President is calling for legislation regarding headscarves and other â€Å"conspicuous† religious signs the focus of this piece is mainly the headscarves issue. There is an opinion poll mentioned, taken the previous day but it doesn’t actually state where this poll was taken or the cross section of people/religious backgrounds polled. The writer states this poll gave a result of 69% in favour of President Chirac’s decision regarding headscarves and religious signs in schools and public services and â€Å"opposed the introduction of public holidays to celebrate Muslim and Jewish feasts†. Paul then goes on to say that two thirds of the leftwing and National Front (rightwing) voters approved, as did 75% of the centre-right. This proposal is documented as â€Å"the most popular reform the President has sponsored since he was first elected in 1995†. â€Å"Discreet signs† of religious affiliation would be allowed, signs such as the hand of Fatima, the star of David, and the cross depending on the size – which would be determined by parliament. The writer then goes on to speak about President Chirac’s 35-minute address to an â€Å"invited audience† – presumably invited ... Free Essays on Critical Review Free Essays on Critical Review Critical review of an article from The Guardian 18th December 2003 The article I’m reviewing comes from The Guardian 18th December 2003. Headed â€Å"Chirac calls on MP’s to ban headscarves†. A journalist called Paul Webster wrote this article. Briefly this piece is explaining the situation in France regarding President Chirac wanting to ban headscarves and other â€Å"conspicuous† religious signs from state schools. The tone of the article appears to be factual. It does, however seem to be a biased article in favour of the ban. There isn’t much criticism of the President and his decision for legislation regarding this. The French Council of the Muslim Faith is said to have called this a â€Å"disastrous† decision. Although the article says that the President is calling for legislation regarding headscarves and other â€Å"conspicuous† religious signs the focus of this piece is mainly the headscarves issue. There is an opinion poll mentioned, taken the previous day but it doesn’t actually state where this poll was taken or the cross section of people/religious backgrounds polled. The writer states this poll gave a result of 69% in favour of President Chirac’s decision regarding headscarves and religious signs in schools and public services and â€Å"opposed the introduction of public holidays to celebrate Muslim and Jewish feasts†. Paul then goes on to say that two thirds of the leftwing and National Front (rightwing) voters approved, as did 75% of the centre-right. This proposal is documented as â€Å"the most popular reform the President has sponsored since he was first elected in 1995†. â€Å"Discreet signs† of religious affiliation would be allowed, signs such as the hand of Fatima, the star of David, and the cross depending on the size – which would be determined by parliament. The writer then goes on to speak about President Chirac’s 35-minute address to an â€Å"invited audience† – presumably invited ...

Rhetoric Analysis of a Music News Website Essay

Rhetoric Analysis of a Music News Website - Essay Example In order to understand why this target audience continues such criminal activity, their assumptions about the record industry must be examined. Music United is one website that analyzes and addresses these assumptions. A coalition group of many different organizations committed against online music piracy, Music United strives not only to disprove college students' assumptions about the record industry, but also to persuade college students to abide by the law when obtaining music. In order to accomplish these goals, the Music United site utilizes textual and technical features to establish a direct communication with its targeted audience of college students. These features are functions of appeals to guilt, fear, empathy, and the law that are embedded within the content and the purpose of the site. College students view the internet as a place of public freedom, where people can come and go, sharing their ideas, pictures, and pages along the way. A basic knowledge of web designing is all that is needed to post material on the internet for the world to see. Over time, users view the internet as a "marketplace" where everyone is entitled to every page, picture, and idea posted. College students adopt this kind of public-sharing sentiment when they download mp3s without paying. ... ree for the taking in much the same way reading a newspaper article online is free (as opposed to paying $0.50 to read the same article on a hard copy). Music United disagrees with this "free for all" spirit of college students who participate in the sharing and downloading of illegal mp3 files. Not everything on the internet is for free, certainly not music. This is one of the college students' assumptions the site refutes. Music United accomplishes this goal through the use specially designed text-graphics, which appeal to guilt and fear. The home page provides an example of these text-graphics. Although they may look like regular text, these special headers and key quotations are actual graphics (clicking on them reveals they are gif files) that were most likely created in some photo editing program like Paint Shop Pro. The combination of red and white colors functions the same way a "stop" sign functions: it awakens the senses by signaling a warning. When college students see this graphic, the colors indicate that something of greater importance is being said here, as opposed to the regular black-colored text found throughout the site. The colors catch their eyes, compelling them to read the text. The font type is different and larger from the standard Verdana text found throughout the site, further emphasizing the importance of the message. The capitalization of the number ("2.6 million") and the cr ime ("illegally downloaded") not only stresses the importance of the text, but also accentuates the guilt the phrases elicit from its audience. When college students who engage in illegal mp3 trading read the text, they are struck with guilt. They immediately identify themselves as illegal downloader's who partake in the distribution of those 2.6 billion files each